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Euphorbia celastroides var. lorifolia

(A.Gray ex H.Mann) Sherff (1936)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Rosids Order: Malpighiales Family: Euphorbiaceae Genus: Euphorbia

‘ākoko, ‘akoko [akoko], ‘ekoko, koko, kōkōmālei

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Shrubs or small trees (0.4–)1–8(–9) m tall.

Stems: Stems prostrate to erect, pubescent, flowering branches often nodose, 1–4(–6) mm in diameter.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Opposite, distichous. Blades oblong, obovate, or oblanceolate to elliptic or linear, (4–)10–70(–80) mm long, (3–)5–30(–40) mm wide. Apex acute to obtuse, retuse or mucronulate. Base cuneate to obtuse, oblique. Upper surfaces glabrous; lower surfaces glabrous to pilose or villous, sometimes glaucous. Margins entire. Petioles (0.5–)1–5(–6) mm long, glabrous to villous. Stipules acute to rounded–triangular, 1–4(–6) mm long, glabrous to villous, erose, ciliate.

Flowers: Flowers in cyathia in short or open branched cymes or solitary in the leaf axils, peduncles (0.5–)2–10(–19) mm long, glabrous to villous. involucre campanulate, (1–)1.5–3 mm high, 2–4mm wide, glabrous to villous, glands 4–5, green or red, glabrous to pilose. Flowers unisexual and highly reduced. Pistillate flowers solitary, on a gynophore; staminate flowers in 5 groups or cymules, each with 1 to several flowers. Calyx (sepals) absent. Corolla (petals) absent. Male flower reduced to a single stamen, with an articulation at junction of pedicel and filament, subtended by slender bracteoles. Ovary superior; styles yellow, green, or red, bifid less than ½ to more than ½ their length, 0.5–1(–1.5) mm long, glabrous to pubescent; stigma thickened.

Fruit: Capsules green to brown; ovoid to rounded–triangular; (0.5–)2–4 mm long; glabrous to pubescent; gynophores erect; exserted 0.5–1 mm from involucre; glabrous to pubescent. Seeds brown to gray; (0.5–)1–2(–2.5) mm long; tetragonal to obcompressed; smooth to rugose.

Ploidy: 2n = ca. 38*

Habitat: Mesic forest.

Elevation Range: 300–1500 m

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Kaua'i Only found in cultivation
Lana'i Extirpated
Maui Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Bot. Gaz. 97: 597. (1936)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:606 (L, M [as Chamaesyce celastroides var. lorifolia]); Govaerts et al. 2000:692/Yang & Berry 2011 (Syn. C. c. var. lorifolia = E. c. var. lorifolia); Hank Oppenheimer pers. obs./Nagata 3513 BISH (L†, 1986)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Euphorbia celastroides var. lorifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In scrubby ridgeside forest with Metrosideros, Dracaena, Dicranopteris, Pittosporum, Xylosma, Schinus, Psidium cattleianum. Preserved_Specimen Tree 4 m. tall; several in colony. Sterile branch from separate plant. Lau, J. 2867 Lanai BISH 1986-10-04
2 Euphorbia celastroides var. lorifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details sunny ledges Preserved_Specimen 6-10' tree Degener, O. 25117 Maui BISH 1959-03-27
3 Euphorbia celastroides var. lorifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Confined mostly to ridges. Common on a`a` lava in dry open native forest. Preserved_Specimen Small tree with dark green foliage, red fruit,and milky sap. Herbst, D.R. 703 Maui BISH 1967-11-11
4 Euphorbia celastroides var. lorifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details On cliff wall. Preserved_Specimen Medeiros, A.C. 430 Maui BISH 1983-06-28
5 Euphorbia celastroides var. lorifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details gulch Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8560 Maui BISH 1910-09-01
6 Euphorbia celastroides var. lorifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details small gulch in old lava flow Preserved_Specimen 20' x 5 tree; bark smooth dark brown, rings at nodes; milky juice Olson, G.E. 90 Maui BISH 1937-08-23
7 Euphorbia celastroides var. lorifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Cultivated. Landscaped garden area. Surrounded by a 4 foot buffer of mowed grass with other outplantings. W/ outplantings of Pritchardia sp., Artemisia australis, Scaevola sp., Hibiscus sp. Preserved_Specimen About 7 feet tall and 5 foot diameter crown. Leave opposite, in a single plane. In flower and immature fruit. Stigmas red. Branches with lichens (Ramalina sp., Dirinaria sp. and others). Walsh, S. 180 Kauai BISH 2015-12-18
8 Euphorbia celastroides var. lorifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details slopes; with Metrosideros, Schinus, Diospyros Preserved_Specimen 2 m tree, stems tomentose, capitula sessile, tomentose Nagata, K.M. 3513 Lanai BISH 1986-06-04
9 Euphorbia celastroides var. lorifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details arid hill Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 8074 Maui BISH 1927-07-10
10 Euphorbia celastroides var. lorifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details dry forest Preserved_Specimen up to 15' tree Degener, O. 25034 Maui BISH 1959-04-02
11 Euphorbia celastroides var. lorifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details ridge Preserved_Specimen 3-5 m shrub, flat topped; involucral glands black Fosberg, F.R. 48352 Maui BISH 1967-03-25
12 Euphorbia celastroides var. lorifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details dry shrub covered pahoehoe Preserved_Specimen 10' tree Degener, O. 12507 Maui BISH 1939-08-15
13 Euphorbia celastroides var. lorifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen 6-8' shrubby tree; flower red; glands dark purple Forbes, C.N. 1811 Maui BISH 1920-03-02
14 Euphorbia celastroides var. lorifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen small tree Hobdy, R.W. 2472 Maui BISH 1985-12-18
15 Euphorbia celastroides var. lorifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen 15' tree, glands dark brown, capsules red Forbes, C.N. 2048 Maui BISH 1920-03-20
16 Euphorbia celastroides var. lorifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen 10 m x 2 dm tree, milky sap; branches wide spreading; leaves 2 ranked, glaucous, above pale green, below whitish St.John, H. 22611 Lanai BISH 1947-04-04
17 Euphorbia celastroides var. lorifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen 8 m x 15 cm tree, erect; leaves above olive green, below whitish green St.John, H. 26862 Maui BISH 1972-06-30
18 Euphorbia celastroides var. lorifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Trees 30' high and 12 diameter. In flower and fruit. Gillett, G.W. 2028 Maui BISH 1966-11-26
19 Euphorbia celastroides var. lorifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen 3-4 m tall erect shrubs. Medeiros, A.C. 419 Maui BISH 1983-06-27
20 Euphorbia celastroides var. lorifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen 5' tree, densely branched; leaves pale below Palumbo, D. 105 Lanai BISH 1983-05-25
21 Euphorbia celastroides var. lorifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 2091 Maui BISH 1920-03-24
22 Euphorbia celastroides var. lorifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 223 Lanai BISH 1913-06-01
23 Euphorbia celastroides var. lorifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8073 Lanai BISH 1910-07-23
24 Euphorbia celastroides var. lorifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 115 Lanai BISH 1913-06-01
25 Euphorbia celastroides var. lorifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 19779 Lanai BISH 1949-08-01
26 Euphorbia celastroides var. lorifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In lava flows. Preserved_Specimen Shrubs to small trees 2-5 m. tall; trunks erect to 10 cm. diameter with spreading crowns. Hobdy, R.W. 1905 Maui BISH 1984-01-13
27 Euphorbia celastroides var. lorifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 212 Lanai BISH 1927-09-09
28 Euphorbia celastroides var. lorifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Mann, H. 389 Maui BISH 1864-01-01
29 Euphorbia celastroides var. lorifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 167 Lanai BISH 1924-04-23
30 Euphorbia celastroides var. lorifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Hitchcock, A.S. 14809 Maui BISH 1916-09-24
31 Euphorbia celastroides var. lorifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 167 Lanai BISH 1927-04-23
32 Euphorbia celastroides var. lorifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 2044 Maui BISH 1920-03-20
33 Euphorbia celastroides var. lorifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 578 Lanai BISH 1929-08-20
34 Euphorbia celastroides var. lorifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Woolford, H.A. 85 Maui BISH 1955-12-21
35 Euphorbia celastroides var. lorifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 139 Lanai BISH 1913-06-01
36 Euphorbia celastroides var. lorifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1812 Maui BISH 1920-03-02
37 Euphorbia celastroides var. lorifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 2048 Maui BISH 1920-03-20
38 Euphorbia celastroides var. lorifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 212 Lanai BISH 1927-09-09
39 Euphorbia celastroides var. lorifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 366 Lanai BISH 1917-09-01
40 Euphorbia celastroides var. lorifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 66 Lanai BISH 1913-08-01
41 Euphorbia celastroides var. lorifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 131 Lanai BISH 1913-09-28
42 Euphorbia celastroides var. lorifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1104 Maui BISH 1919-08-10
43 Euphorbia celastroides var. lorifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Wilder, G.P. Maui BISH 1913-01-01
44 Euphorbia celastroides var. lorifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details dry lava plains Preserved_Specimen 8-12' tree, very stout trunk and branches, erect Hobdy, R.W. 868 Maui BISH 1980-08-06
45 Euphorbia celastroides var. lorifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1104 Maui BISH 1919-08-10
46 Euphorbia celastroides var. lorifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Hillebrand, W.B. BISH
47 Euphorbia celastroides var. lorifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details sandy isthmus Preserved_Specimen Mann, H. 389 Maui BISH 1864-01-01
48 Euphorbia celastroides var. lorifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Confined mostly to ridges. Common on a`a` lava in dry open native forest. Preserved_Specimen Small tree with dark green foliage, red fruit,and milky sap. Herbst, D.R. 703 Maui BISH 1967-11-11
49 Euphorbia celastroides var. lorifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details outer forest Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 45 Lanai BISH 1913-08-01
50 Euphorbia celastroides var. lorifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In area, native veg. mostly on aa lava flows, in Erythrina sandwicensis lowland dry forest with Reynoldsia sandwicensis, Nesoluma polynesicum, Sida fallax, Chenopodium oahuense, Achyranthes splendens var. splendens, Diospyros sandwicensis, Nototrichium sandwicensis, Rauvolfia sandwicensis, Chamaesyce, Myoporum, Capparis, Acacia koaia, Prosopis. Preserved_Specimen Plants 5-12 ft ht. with fruit. Perlman, S. 6710 Maui BISH 1987-10-28
51 Euphorbia celastroides var. lorifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details dry sclerophyll forest Preserved_Specimen ~7 m tree Wagner, W.L. 5464 Maui BISH 1984-10-07
52 Euphorbia celastroides var. lorifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details with Dodonaea, Myoporum, Planchonella, pasture grass Preserved_Specimen to 20', arborescent, seeds lens-shaped Nagata, K.M. 1673 Maui BISH 1978-07-05
53 Euphorbia celastroides var. lorifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details dry forest Preserved_Specimen up to 15' tree Degener, O. 25034 Maui BISH 1959-04-02
54 Euphorbia celastroides var. lorifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Decadent forest Preserved_Specimen Trees 10-15 ft. Degener, O. 19779 Lanai BISH 1949-08-04
55 Euphorbia celastroides var. lorifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details dry forest on lava Preserved_Specimen 20' x 5 tree Little Jr., E.L. 31133 Maui BISH 1976-08-26
56 Euphorbia celastroides var. lorifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details moist woods Preserved_Specimen 5 m shrub; leaves thick chartaceous, above olive green, below whitish green St.John, H. 22654 Lanai BISH 1947-04-06
57 Euphorbia celastroides var. lorifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Dry forest on aa.eg. mostly on aa lava flows. Preserved_Specimen Shrub or tree to 10 m high; latex white; cyath. gls. red. Webster, G.L. 13922 Maui BISH 1968-06-25
58 Euphorbia celastroides var. lorifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Eucalyptus forest Preserved_Specimen 15' x 6 tree Degener, O. 28372 Lanai BISH 1963-08-19
59 Euphorbia celastroides var. lorifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details dry, open rocky Preserved_Specimen 10' tree, spreading Wilder, G.P. 281 Maui BISH 1924-01-02
60 Euphorbia celastroides var. lorifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details dry lava plain Preserved_Specimen erect 8' tree, stout trunk and branches Hobdy, R.W. 868 Maui BISH 1980-08-06
61 Euphorbia celastroides var. lorifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Dry forest on aa. Preserved_Specimen Shrub 1-2 m high. Webster, G.L. 13879 Maui BISH 1968-06-25
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